7.1(A)^ identify the major eras in Texas history, describe their defining characteristics, and explain the purpose of dividing the past into eras, including … Contemporary Texas 7.7(E)* analyze the … significant issues in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries such as political and economic controversies, immigration, and migration on the history of Texas 7.8(B)*^ locate and compare places of importance in Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics such as major cities, waterways, natural and historic landmarks, political and cultural regions, and local points of interest 7.9(A)*^ identify ways in which Texans have adapted to and modified the environment and explain the positive and negative consequences of the modifications 7.10(D) analyze the effects of the changing population distribution and growth in Texas and the additional need for education, health care, and transportation 7.11(A)*^explain economic factors and the development of major industries that led to the urbanization of Texas such as transportation, oil and gas, and manufacturing 7.12(B)* explain the impact of economic concepts within the free enterprise system such as supply and demand, profit, and world competition on the economy of Texas 7.13(A)*^identify how the Texas Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights 7.14(A) describe the structure and functions of government at municipal, county, and state levels 7.15(B)* explain civic responsibilities of Texas citizens and the importance of civic participation 7.16(A)*^identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important Texas issues, past and present 7.17(A) identify the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of Texas, past and present, including Texans who have been president of the United States 7.18(B)*^ describe how people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups attempt to maintain their cultural heritage while adapting to the larger Texas culture 7.19(C)^ analyze the effects of various scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the development of Texas such as advancements in the agricultural, energy, medical, computer, and aerospace industries 7.7(B) define and trace the impact of "boom‐and‐bust" cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries such as farming, oil and gas production, cotton, ranching, real estate, banking, and computer technology 7.8(A)^ locate and compare the Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, and Coastal Plains regions 7.9(B)^ explain ways in which geographic factors such as the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, the Dust Bowl, limited water resources, and alternative energy sources have affected the political, economic, and social development of Texas 7.10(A)* identify why immigrant groups came to Texas and where they settled 7.10(B)^ describe how immigration and migration to Texas have influenced Texas 7.10(C)* describe the structure of the population of Texas using demographic concepts such as growth rate and age distribution 7.11(B) explain the changes in the types of jobs and occupations that have resulted from the urbanization of Texas 7.12(A) explain the impact of national and international markets on the production of goods and services in Texas, including agriculture and oil and gas 7.12(C) analyze the impact of significant industries in Texas such as aerospace, medical, and computer technologies on local, national, and international markets 7.15(A) explain rights of Texas citizens 7.16(B)*^ describe the importance of free speech and press in a democratic society 7.18(A) explain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in a variety of cultural activities and celebrations 7.18(D) identify contributions to the arts by Texans such as Roy Bedichek, Diane Gonzales Bertrand, J. Frank Dobie, Scott Joplin, Elisabet Ney, Amado Peña Jr., Walter Prescott Webb, and Horton Foote 7.19(A)^ compare types and uses of technology, past and present 7.19(B) identify Texas leaders in science and technology such as Walter Cunningham, Michael DeBakey, Denton Cooley, Benjy Brooks, Michael Dell, … 7.19(D)*^evaluate the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the use of resources such as fossil fuels, water, and land 7.19(E) analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations have resulted in an interdependence among Texas, the United States, and the world